Medical #1 - Siamese twins who share one heart

in #medical7 years ago (edited)

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An extremely unfortunate case of conjoined twins sharing one single heart, called thoracopagus.

These fetuses were born at 18 weeks gestation via an urgent cesarean section due to the woman developing severe lower quadrant pain.

There are nearly a dozen different types of conjoined twins. One of the most common classifications is thoracopagus twins, where the fusion is anterior, at the chest, and involves the heart.

These twins are connected at the upper portion of the torso, with a single umbilical cord and only one fetal heart observed by ultrasound prior to her admission.

Thoracopagus twins share a heart, which, depending on how closely they are joined, makes it nearly impossible to separate them and save them both. That type make up about 40% of all conjoined cases.

Etiology is unknown, but an incomplete division of the zygote between 13th and 15th days after fertilization probably occurs.

Because the heart is always involved, a separation of a genuinely shared heart has not offered survival to both twins; a designated twin may survive if allotted the heart, sacrificing the other.

Another common types of conjunction are when twins are connected by abdomen (omphalopagus), sacrum (pygopagus), pelvis (ischiopagus), skull (cephalopagus), and back (rachipagus). About 30% of all conjoined cases are categorized as omphalopagus. These twins may share a liver, gastrointestinal or genitourinary functions, but rarely share a heart.

The rarest types of conjoined twins is craniophagus twins, which are joined at the cranium or head. only 2% of all conjoined twins are joined in this way.

Photo by @rocknrollaaah

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Kasus kembar siam yang sangat disayangkan berbagi satu hati, disebut thoracopagus.

Fetus ini lahir pada usia kehamilan 18 minggu melalui operasi caesar yang mendesak karena wanita tersebut mengalami nyeri kuadran parah yang parah.

Ada hampir selusin jenis kembar siam. Salah satu klasifikasi yang paling umum adalah kembar torakopagus, dimana fusi anterior, di dada, dan melibatkan jantung.

Kembar ini terhubung di bagian atas batang tubuh, dengan tali pusar tunggal dan hanya satu jantung janin yang diamati dengan ultrasound sebelum masuk.

Kembar torakopagus berbagi hati, yang, tergantung seberapa dekat mereka bergabung, membuat hampir tidak mungkin memisahkannya dan menyelamatkan keduanya. Jenis itu membentuk sekitar 40% kasus gabungan.

Etiologi tidak diketahui, namun pembagian zigot yang tidak lengkap antara hari ke 13 dan 15 setelah pembuahan mungkin terjadi.

Karena hati selalu terlibat, pemisahan hati yang tulus sama sekali tidak menawarkan kelangsungan hidup bagi kedua si kembar; kembar yang ditunjuk bisa bertahan jika diberikan jantung, mengorbankan yang lain.

Jenis kontak lain yang umum adalah ketika kembar dihubungkan oleh perut (omphalopagus), sakrum (pygopagus), panggul (ischiopagus), tengkorak (sefalopagus), dan punggung (rachipagus). Sekitar 30% dari semua kasus conjoined dikategorikan sebagai omphalopagus. Si kembar ini bisa berbagi fungsi hati, gastrointestinal atau genitourinari, tapi jarang berbagi hati.

Tipe kembar siam yang paling langka adalah kembar craniophagus, yang bergabung di tengkorak atau kepala. hanya 2% dari semua kembar siam bergabung dengan cara ini.

Foto oleh @rocknrollaaah

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