Hibiscus mutabilis

Hibiscus mutabilis, commonly known as Confederate rose or cotton rose, is a deciduous shrub or small tree widely admired for its large, showy flowers and unique ability to change color as the day progresses. Native to China and other parts of East Asia, it has been cultivated for centuries both as an ornamental plant and for its symbolic meanings. This plant can grow up to 12–15 feet tall under favorable conditions, with multiple woody stems, broad lobed leaves resembling those of a maple tree, and abundant flowering during late summer and autumn.

The most fascinating feature of Hibiscus mutabilis is its color-changing flowers, which usually open in the morning as white, gradually turn pink during midday, and by evening become a deep rose or crimson. This transformation, often occurring within a single day, makes it a symbol of transience, beauty, and the fleeting nature of life in various cultural traditions. Flowers are typically large, double or single, with a soft and delicate texture, and can measure up to 6–8 inches across, making them highly attractive to pollinators such as bees and butterflies.

In terms of growth habit, Hibiscus mutabilis thrives in full sun to partial shade and prefers fertile, well-drained soil with adequate moisture. It is hardy in USDA zones 7–11, where it can withstand mild frost, though in colder climates it may die back to the ground and re-sprout in spring. The plant is relatively low maintenance, requiring occasional pruning to maintain shape and encourage new growth, while its drought tolerance makes it suitable for gardens in warmer regions. Propagation is commonly done through cuttings, which root easily, ensuring widespread cultivation. In addition to its ornamental appeal, the plant has historical uses in traditional medicine.