It is tragic fates of stars neighboring Betelgeuse.

in Popular STEM15 days ago

It is tragic fates of stars neighboring Betelgeuse.



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Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star, Betelgeuse is originally a word of Arabic origin, in fact, in Spanish it sounds quite similar to how it would be said in Arabic. The point is that this star is a super red giant that is in the final phases of its life, which is very short, because giant stars live intensely and die soon. If a star like the sun lives on average about 10,000 million years, a giant star like Betelgeuse, with about 14 times the mass of the sun, lives just over 10 million years and when it dies it will do so with a type two supernova explosion.


We do not know when it will explode with certainty, but most scientists affirm that it will be within thousands of years, some say that, within 10,000 years, others, few say that we could see the brightness of the explosion arrive at any time, perhaps tomorrow or tonight, so being able to see, that is, that the brightness arrives, is an important detail, since it is estimated that this star is about 640 light years away from us, so if we see its brightness arrive tomorrow, it will mean that The explosion already occurred 640 years ago.


Although it is a supernova, it is not a danger to the Earth, it is at a safe distance, although it will be a great spectacle, it is estimated that it will have a brightness similar to that of the full moon, although it will not be seen as a ball, but as a very bright point, and we will see it both at night and during the day, but although it will not be a danger for us, it will be a tragedy for planetary systems that are less than 30 light years away, that is what some experts call the catastrophic range for a supernova.




A planet with life would suffer from absolute annihilation to those that are further away, 30 light years or a little more, will suffer mass extinction due to the alteration of their atmospheres and the destruction of the ozone layer. We do not know how many stars would enter that catastrophic range of Betelgeuse, because we do not know exactly how far it is from us.


The margin of error is about 150 light years up or down, but surely there are a good number of stars, at that same distance, 30 light years from the sun from us there are about 100 stars, so on average there will be another 100 stars around Betelgeuse, we do not know how many stars would be doomed if it explodes now, but what is news is that we know that there is at least one, a young baby star that will be completely annihilated when Betelgeuse explodes.


And this is known thanks to an investigation that was published on July 21, 2025, where it was announced that the Gemini North telescope discovered that Betelgeuse has a stellar companion, it is rotating in an extremely narrow orbit. This discovery also answers a mystery that has been around for thousands of years and is that of the variation in the brightness of Betelgeuse and also provides important information about the physical mechanisms behind other red supergiant stars that have a variable brightness. Let us remember that between 2019 and 2020 saw a sharp decrease in the brightness of Betelgeuse, a phenomenon that became known as the great dimming and in fact many, including astronomers, thought that the supernova explosion was approaching.


We also do not know what happens just before a star of this type explodes, we have never seen it so close, nor in such detail, we only see supernovas when they shine in the sky, but we do not know what happens just before; We are waiting for a nova from the star T Corona Borealis to light up in the sky, which is expected to explode last year, but it seems to be late. And in conclusion that star, companion of Betelgeuse, is going to be disintegrated.




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